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Pada video ini ada 3 bagian :
- - A / AN
- - The
- - Without A/An and The
A/AN
• You
can use a/an with singular countable nouns:
Example : a beach
a student an umbrella
•
We do not use a/an with uncountable
nouns. We do not say ‘a sand’, ‘a
music’, ‘a rice’.
But you can often use a … of.
Example: a bowl / a packet / a grain of rice
•
We use a/an when we say what somebody’s job
is:
Example : Sandra is a nurse. (not Sandra is nurse)
• We
use a/an when we say what kind of thing or person we mean.
Example : We stayed at a very cheap hotel. (a type of hotel)
•
We say ‘once a week / three times a day /
£1.50 a kilo’ etc :
Example : How much are those potatoes?’ ‘£1.50 a kilo.’
Comparation ‘a’ and ‘an’
•
To determine if you should use 'a' or 'an'
before a word, you need to listen to the sound the word begins with.
•
Use 'a' if the word begins with a consonant
sound and use 'an' if the word begins with a vowel sound.
•
It is important that you listen to the sound,
and not only look at the letter. For example, 'unicorn' begins with /j/ (the y
sound) so you should use 'a' before it. The word 'honor' begins with /ɑ/ so you
should use 'an' before it.
Example :
•
I drive a blue car.
•
They have an old house
•
I am a European
•
I get paid $ 10 an hour
•
I’m an MP ( Member of Parliament )
THE
•
We use the when we are thinking of a specific
thing.
Example : Tim sat down on the chair nearest the
door. (a specific chair)
•
We use the when it is clear which thing or
person we mean
Example : Can you turn off the light, please? (= the light in this room)
•
We also say ‘(go to) the bank / the post
office, the doctor / the dentist’:
Example
• I
have to go to the bank and then I’m going to the post off ice. (The speaker is
usually thinking of a specific bank or post office.)
• Clare
isn’t well. She’s gone to the doctor.
• We
use the + superlative (best, oldest etc.):
Example : What’s the longest river in Europe?
•
We say: the world the universe
the sun the
moon the earth the sky the
sea the ground the
country (= not a town)
Example : The earth goes round the sun, and the moon
goes round the earth.
•
We say: (go to) the cinema, the theatre
Example : I go to the cinema a lot, but I haven’t been
to the theatre for ages.
•
TV / television (without the), but the radio,
the internet
Example : I watch TV a lot, but I
don’t listen to the radio much.
•
We use the + adjective (without a noun) to
talk about groups of people.
Example : Do you think the rich
(rich people) should pay higher taxes?
•
We use the + a few nationality adjectives
that end in –ch, -sh, -ese or -ss
Example : the French
the Dutch the British the English
•
But we normally use the in names with
Republic, Kingdom, States etc. :
Example : the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom (the
UK), the Dominican Republic, the United States of America (the USA)
•
We use the with the names of oceans, seas,
rivers and canals:
Example : the Atlantic (Ocean), the Channel, the Nile
•
We use the with the names of deserts:
Example : the Sahara (Desert) the
Gobi Desert
•
We use the with plural names of people and
places:
People = the Taylors (= the Taylor
family), the Johnsons
Countries = the Netherlands, the
Philippines, the United States
groups of islands = the Canaries (or the Canary Islands), the Bahamas
mountain range= the Andes, the
Alps, the Urals
•
Most other buildings have names with ‘the’
Example : the sheraton (hotel), the
palace (theatre), the Guggenheim (Museum), the pentagon
•
Names with of usually have the.
Example : the Bank of England, the Great Wall of China
•
Most newspapers and many organisations have
names with the:
Example : the Washington Post, the European Union the
Red Cross
Compare A/An and THE
•
A man and a woman were sitting
opposite me. The man was
American, but I think the woman was British.
•
I have to go to the bank today. Is there a bank
near here?
•
I don’t like going to the dentist. My sister is
a dentist.
Without A/An or The
•
We do not use a/an with uncountable nouns. We do not say ‘a sand’, ‘a music’, ‘a rice’.
•
We say: size 43, platform 5 etc. (without the)
Example : Our train
leaves from platform 5. (not the
platform 5)
• We
say go to bed / be in bed etc. (not the bed)
• go
to work / be at work / start work / finish work etc. (not the work)
• go
home / come home / arrive home / get home / be (at) home / do something at home
etc
Example :
- I’m
going to bed now. Goodnight
- Chris
didn’t go to work yesterday.
- It’s
late. Let’s go home.
•
When we are talking about things or people in
general, we do not use the:
Example : I’m afraid of dogs. (not the dogs) (dogs =
dogs in general, not a specific group of dogs)
•
With other nationality words, the plural ends
in -s (usually without the).
Example: Italians / Indonesians /
Thais are very friendly.
•
We use Mount (= mountain) and Lake before a
name in the same way (without the):
Example : Mount Everest (not the …) Mount Etna
Lake Superior Lake Victoria
•
We do not use the with names of most city streets/roads/squares/parks
etc. :
Example : Fifth Avenue, Times Square, Hyde Park
•
Names of many public buildings and institutions
(airports, stations, universities etc.), and also some geographical names, are two words:
Example : Manchester Airport, Harvard University,
Canterbury Cathedral , Buckingham Palace
•
Names of companies, airlines etc. are usually
without the:
Example : Singapore Airlines, IBM,
Sony
•
Churches are often named after saints (St =
Saint):
Example : St John’s Church (not the …) St Patrick’s
Cathedral
Compare A/An/The and
whithout
• There
are millions of stars in space. (not in the space)
I tried to park my car, but the
space was too small.
• Children
learn from playing. (= children in general)
We took the children to the zoo.
(= a specific group, perhaps the speaker’s children)
• northern
Brazil (without the)
The north of Brazil
• Gunadarma
University
The University of Gunadarma
youtube :
https://youtu.be/-d8go11Nulg
google drive :
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/17Dmmz2RLGmLzMjXfgdt8uaceQK4BQcbu?usp=sharing
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